坛经思想之圆教旨趣

坛经思想之圆教旨趣
　　【资料形态】硕博文库·中国台湾
　　【文献属性】[台湾]淡江大学，中国文学系，1996年度，硕士学位论文
　　【文章标题】坛经思想之圆教旨趣
　　【英文标题】The Meaning of Perfect Teaching on Tan Chin
　　【文章作者】朱志学
　　【指导教师】李正治
　　【文章页数】207页
　　【中文关键词】天台宗|圆教
　　【英文关键词】T''''ien-T''''ai scheme ; Perfect Teaching
　　【中文摘要】对于分解思路之迷滞，正是人类在自身周遭所创造出之最根本的监禁。圆教，作为一种判教性之概念，它所独具之慧识正是表现在对此根本监禁之返观与超越。它最基本的洞见是：世界，并非是我们所习以为常地被置定为客观对象之世界，而是相应于主体之视域所决定成的“理解世界”。不同的视域，看到了不同的世界；所以，“世界”在此只能作为一种意义呈现的可能性而被把握；它是对主体呈现之“意义世界”，是“随心而转”之“心念世界”，而不是可以离开主体以独立自存之“客观世界”。犹不仅此，依圆教，这作为一种可能性而对人类意识呈现之世界是一个不可分割的整体。较高的包含较低的，较低的包含较高的；较高的从较低的发展而来，较低的则是作为较高的之存在基础。这就好似冰之与水互为显隐的依存关系。冰以一种可能性隐藏在水的呈现形式里边，水亦以一种可能性隐藏在冰的呈现形式里边。此二者原非“异物相合”而是“同体互具”之关系。既然，较低的包含较高的，较高的亦隐藏在较低的里面，那么，较低的就不应该被视为谴责的对象，因为，较高的正是通过较低的而来。也正是基于这看似诡谲的洞见，圆教开启了一道超乎二分性思路制约下之头脑所能想象的实践进路。它认为，借着谴责某种对象，你就拒绝了一个可能性──一个从较低的发展出较高的可能性。这意味着，较低的不但不是障碍，它事实上就是通向那较高的一扇门。这就好似莲花之出于污泥，莲花是通过污泥而来，不是拒斥污泥而来；因为，它们根本就是同一生命能量在不同呈现型式间的流动与转换。这么说，并不意味着对生命黑暗面的纵容与耽溺。事实上，它只是启示着一种经由全然的觉知与接纳而引导生命由“二分性”之破裂状态回归“非二分性”之完整状态的悲愿与智慧。至此，我们可以理解：本文所论《坛经思想之圆教旨趣》，其关涉之焦点，固不在于《坛经》这一题材本身，而在于通过此题材所揭示之圆教问题意识。换言之，通过天台圆教所代表之思路模式以考察《坛经》思想所隐涵之圆教模型，才是本文之命意所在。在此，《坛经》思想所隐含之圆教旨趣是作为一种有待开掘之可能性而被揭示；而天台宗所建构之圆教基本模型，则正是据以检证《坛经》之义理型态是否合乎圆教成立条件之对照系统。事实上，也只有触及这一潜在于《坛经》义理脉络底层之思路模型，我们方算是揭探了《坛经》思想之深层意义结构。
　　【英文摘要】In the book about the art of novel, Milan Kundera has expressed his point of view on the phenomenon of the existence of human being:Life is a trap. We had born without being asking of the will, imprisoned in the flesh that had never chosen by us and destined to death.……We were finally getting more and more constricted by the outer conditions, and were determined by the unavoidable circumstances that making every one of us more similar, and thus losing our particularities.However, he has only touching the external parts on the point; for the This incisive observance had profoundly insights on the inevitable limitation of the existence of human being more profound layer, he has miss a hidden trap; that is the binary ways of though that formed counter controlled and imprisonment on human consciousness.It is true that the troubles bring by the deconstructing ways of thinking is the main cause of the imprisonment, and this imprisonment was created from the circumstances we faced. Perfect teaching, being a concept of ascertaining the difference factions of Buddhism, posses a transcendental solution on this imprisonment. Its fundamental insight telling us that the World is not an object to observe as we usually do, it is an "understanding" of the world that is corresponding to the views of the subjectivity. Different "world" will appear to different view, therefore the "world" is only significant to the views of the subjectivity, that means it could not be an independent "world" without the present of the subjectivity.For perfect teaching shows the presentation of the world from the conscious of human being is an inseparable whole. That is; the higher levels embodied the lower levels, the lower levels have also embodied the higher levels. The higher have developed from the lower, the lower is the foundations of the higher. It is just like the relationship of ice and water. Ice posses a probability in the presence of water and vice versa. In other word, they are actually the same substance in different states but not the combination of difference substancesTherefore, base on the above mention way of thinking,the Perfect Teaching open a way to overcome the limitation bring by analytical ways of thinking in such a way that the lower levels are not to be blamed and demolished, the lower levels is a necessary entrance to the higher levels. Like lotus and mud, they are of mutual relations. Buddha is the highest transformation level of the mortal, like the flowering of lotus from the mud, the mortal were all poses the probability of Buddhahood, therefore the mortal are not the ones to be repel, because the possibilities of becoming Buddha are embodied in the existence of the mortalThat does not mean that we are going to connive and spoiled ourselves in the dark corners of life, it is an enlightening sort of wisdom by practicing a totally perception and acceptance kind of attitude to return our soul to a perfect whole state.From here, we could learn that the focus of "The Meaning of Perfect Teaching on Tan Chin" is not on thetopic itself, but on the issue concerning the problems that Tan Chin conscious. In other word, by observing the model of thinking constructed by Tian Tai as a reference and deducing it'''' s model of Perfect Teaching in Tan Chin are the work that we are trying to do. From here, we can see that the main idea of Perfect Teaching in Tan Chin is presence in a form of exploitable probabilities. Through examining the philosophical context of Tan Chin and compare that to Tian Tai''''s model, we then had explored the inner significance structures of Tan Chin thinking.In the book about the art of novel, Milan Kundera has expressed his point of view on the phenomenon of the existence of human being:Life is a trap. We had born without being asking of the will, imprisoned in the flesh that had never chosen by us and destined to death.……We were finally getting more and more constricted by the outer conditions, and were determined by the unavoidable circumstances that making every one of us more similar, and thus losing our particularities.However, he has only touching the external parts on the point; for the This incisive observance had profoundly insights on the inevitable limitation of the existence of human being more profound layer, he has miss a hidden trap; that is the binary ways of though that formed counter controlled and imprisonment on human consciousness.It is true that the troubles bring by the deconstructing ways of thinking is the main cause of the imprisonment, and this imprisonment was created from the circumstances we faced. Perfect teaching, being a concept of ascertaining the difference factions of Buddhism, posses a transcendental solution on this imprisonment. Its fundamental insight telling us that the World is not an object to observe as we usually do, it is an "understanding" of the world that is corresponding to the views of the subjectivity. Different "world" will appear to different view, therefore the "world" is only significant to the views of the subjectivity, that means it could not be an independent "world" without the present of the subjectivity.For perfect teaching shows the presentation of the world from the conscious of human being is an inseparable whole. That is; the higher levels embodied the lower levels, the lower levels have also embodied the higher levels. The higher have developed from the lower, the lower is the foundations of the higher. It is just like the relationship of ice and water. Ice posses a probability in the presence of water and vice versa. In other word, they are actually the same substance in different states but not the combination of difference substancesTherefore, base on the above mention way of thinking, the Perfect Teaching open a way to overcome the limitation bring by analytical ways of thinking in such a way that the lower levels are not to be blamed and demolished, the lower levels is a necessary entrance to the higher levels. Like lotus and mud, they are of mutual relations. Buddha is the highest transformation level of the mortal, like the flowering of lotus from the mud, the mortal were all poses the probability of Buddhahood, therefore the mortal are not the ones to be repel, because the possibilities of becoming Buddha are embodied in the existence of the mortalThat does not mean that we are going to connive and spoiled ourselves in the dark corners of life, it is an enlightening sort of wisdom by practicing a totally perception and acceptance kind of attitude to return our soul to a perfect whole state.From here, we could learn that the focus of "The Meaning of Perfect Teaching on Tan Chin" is not on the topic itself, but on the issue concerning the problems that Tan Chin conscious. In other word, by observing the model of thinking constructed by Tian Tai as a reference and deducing it'''' s model of Perfect Teaching in Tan Chin are the work that we are trying to do. From here, we can see that the main idea of Perfect Teaching in Tan Chin is presence in a form of exploitable probabilities. Through examining the philosophical context of Tan Chin and compare that to Tian Tai''''s model, we then had explored the inner significance structures of Tan Chin thinking.