《艾赛尼和平福音》记载的耶稣·基督的素食观

《艾赛尼和平福音》（The Essene Gospel of Peace）
发现于死海古卷，现存于梵蒂冈图书馆和皇家哈布斯堡王朝图书馆，被认为是耶稣·基督的原始教义。书中包括有关戒食、素食及天使的许多内容。所有这些内容都在公元325年第一次尼西亚公会议之后被从基督教教义中改变或完全删除。该公会议由君士坦丁大帝召集，制定了强制性的统一信条（后经修订为《尼西亚信经》）。在此过程中，许多基督教原始的灵性精髓被修改或完全删除以服务于日渐式微的神圣罗马帝国的世俗计划。


死海古卷残片

关于艾赛尼教派

艾赛尼教派 ( Essenes ) 是公元一世纪巴勒斯坦地区的三大教派之一，耶稣据信曾是集中在 Mount Carmel 的北方团体的成员。艾赛尼教派亦被认为是拿撒勒人，而拿撒勒是他们的一个据点，尽管地名是后来才有的。该教派的成员身着白衣并食素，象基督教僧侣一样托钵乞讨。由于他们戴的白色饰物而被称为大白兄弟会 ( White Friars )。有趣的是那些现在依然信守 Mount Carmel 时期信条的教派成员公开声称耶稣属于艾赛尼教派，并兴起于 Mount Carmel，而艾赛尼教圣经却不被正统的教堂圣经所接纳。

艾赛尼教派主要的圣经是在 1888 年发现并由 Rev. Gideon Jasper Ouseley 从亚拉姆语翻译过来的“十二门徒福音”。该版本的新约明显不同于通常的版本，记述耶稣为一个严格素食主义者，曾有许多动物聚集在他的周围：“鸟儿围绕他飞翔并为他唱着颂歌，其它动物也来到他的脚边，他喂给他们食物，动物们从他手中吃食。”

关于人类的食物亦有所提及，它们是面包和葡萄。对于动物，圣经中指出：

“这些是你们的同伴，并同属于上帝的大家庭。他们都有永恒的生命灵气，也是你们的弟弟和妹妹。无论是谁给予他们那怕是很少的关爱，给予他们所需的吃的和喝的，都是对我的关爱。”

艾赛尼教派相信所有的生命都是神圣的，都同属一体，艾赛尼教圣经中的许多段落都提到无限地爱的原则：对上帝，对人类以及对所有生灵：“爱是最重要的事情，爱你们自己以及爱上帝的所有生灵，所有的人都应明白只有这样做才能算是我的徒弟。”


死海古卷发现地


《艾赛尼和平福音》正文节选（中英对照）

在一条溪流的河床旁，许多病人正在禁食，与神的天使一起祈祷已达七昼夜。他们得到了极大的奖赏，因为他们遵循耶稣的教导。七天过后，所有的痛苦都从他们身上消失了。当太阳从地平线升起时，他们看见耶稣从山上向他们走来，头上罩着初日的光芒。

And it was by the bed of a stream, many sick fasted and prayed with Gods angels for seven days and seven nights. And great was their reward, because they followed Jesus words. And with the passing of the seventh day, all their pains left them. And when the sun rose over the earths rim they saw Jesus coming towards them from the mountain, with the brightness of the rising sun about his head.

“和平与你们同在。”

"Peace be with you."

他们默默不语，只是俯在他的面前，触碰他的衣边，示意他们已经痊愈。

And they said no word at all, but only cast themselves down before him, and touched the hem of his garment in token of their healing.

“不要感激我，应该感激你们的地母，是她把她的医病天使遣来的。去吧，罪已消失，你们也许再也不会得病了。让医病天使成为你们的保护者吧。”

"Give thanks not to me, but to your Earthly Mother, who sent you her healing angels. Go, and sin no more, that you may never again see disease. And let the healing angels become your guardians."

但他们回答他说：“无论我们去哪儿，夫子啊，您永恒生命的教导是什么？我们必须回避的罪恶是什么？怎样我们才永不再生病？”

But they answered him: "Whither should we go, Master, for with you are the words of eternal life? Tell us, what are the sins which we must shun, that we may nevermore see disease?"

耶稣回答说：“根据你们的信念。”他坐到他们中间说：

Jesus answered: "Be it so according to your faith," and he sat down among them, saying:

" 过去有人告诉他们，‘荣耀你的天父和地母，遵守他们的诫命，你在大地上的日子就可以长久。’之后给予了这条诫命：‘你们不可杀生，’因为是神把生命给予了一切，神已给予的，不要让人夺走。我真实地告诉你们，大地的一切生命都来自同一位母亲。因此，杀生的人，就是杀他的兄弟。地母将离开他，把她哺乳的乳房拔出。她的天使们将避开他，撒旦将进入他的身体。在他身体中，动物的肉将成为他自己的坟墓。

"It was said to them of old time, Honor thy Heavenly Father and thy Earthly Mother, and do their commandments, that thy days may be long upon the earth. And next afterward was given this commandment, Thou shalt not kill, for life is given to all by God, and that which God has given, let not man take away. For-I tell you truly, from one Mother proceeds all that lives upon the earth. Therefore, he who kills, kills his brother. And from him will the Earthly Mother turn away, and will pluck from him her quickening breasts. And he will be shunned by her angels, and Satan will have his dwelling in his body. And the flesh of slain beasts in his body will become his own tomb.

我实在地告诉你们，杀生的人杀了他自己。吃被杀动物的肉，是在吃死亡之躯。因为在他的血液中，它们的每一滴血都会变成毒药。它们的气味使他的呼吸臭不可闻；它们的肉在他的肉中沸腾；它们的骨头在他的骨头中变成白垩；它们的肠子在他的肠子中腐烂；它们的眼睛在他的眼睛中变成翳障；它们的耳朵在他的耳朵中流脓。它们的死亡会变成他的死亡。只有服务你们的天父，你们七年的债才能在七天中得到原谅。但是撒旦却不会原谅你们，你必须向他付出一切。’ 以眼还眼，以牙还牙，以手还手，以脚还脚；以烙还烙, 以伤还伤；以命偿命，以死偿死。’罪恶的报酬是死亡。不要杀生。不要吃你的无辜猎物的肉，免得你们成为撒旦的奴仆。因为那是痛苦之路，导致死亡。遵循神的意志，祂的天使们会在生命之途上服务你们。因此，服从神的教导：“看哪, 我将遍地上一切结种子的菜蔬和一切树上所结有核的果子, 全赐给你们作食物。至於地上的走兽和空中的飞鸟, 并各样爬在地上有生命的物, 我将青草赐给它们作食物。世上一切会动的、活着的一切的奶是你们的食物，还有我给它们的青草。我把它们的奶给了你们。但使它们成长的肉和血，你们不能吃。流你们血的人，我必讨他的罪，因为你们的血中有你们的灵魂；凡杀动物的，杀人的，我必讨他的罪。因为我是主，是你的神，是强大、忌邪的神。恨我的, 我必追讨他的罪, 自父及子, 直到三、四代。爱我, 守我诫命的, 我必向他们发慈爱, 直到千代。全心、全意、全力爱主，你的神：这是首要的和最大的诫命。”第二条这样写道：“爱人如己。”没有哪个诫命比这些更重要。

For I tell you truly, he who kills, kills himself, and whoso eats the flesh of slain beasts, eats of the body of death. For in his blood every drop of their blood turns to poison; in his breath their breath to stink; in his flesh their flesh to boils; in his bones their bones to chalk; in his bowels their bowels to decay; in his eyes their eyes to scales; in his ears their ears to waxy issue. And their death will become his death. For only in the service of your Heavenly Father are your debts of seven years forgiven in seven clays. But Satan forgives you nothing and you must pay him for all. Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot; burning for burning, wound for wound; life for life, death for death. For the wages of sin is death. Kill not, neither eat the flesh of your innocent prey, lest you become the slaves of Satan. For that is the path of sufferings, and it leads unto death. But do the will of God, that his angels may serve you on the way of life. Obey, therefore, the words of God: Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat. And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to everything that creepeth upon th e earth, wherein there is breath of life, I give every green herb for meat. Also the milk of every thing that moveth and liveth upon earth shall be meat for you; even as the green herb have I given unto them, so I give their milk unto you. But flesh, and the blood which quickens it, shall ye not eat. And, surely, your spurting blood will I require, your blood wherein is your soul; I will require all slain beasts, and the souls of all slain men. For I the Lord thy God am a God strong and jealous, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and showing mercy unto thousands -of them that love me, and keep my commandments. Love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength: this is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like unto it: Love thy neighbor as thyself There is none other commandment greater than these."

听到这些话后，人们默默不语，只有一人嚷道：“夫子，如果我看到一头野兽在森林里撕咬我的兄弟，我该怎么做？我应该让我的兄弟死去，还是应该杀死那头野兽？如果这样，我是不是违反了诫命？”

And after these words they all remained silent, save one, who called out: "What am I to do, Master, if I see a wild beast rend my brother in the forest? Shall I let my brother perish, or kill the wild beast? Shall not I thus transgress the law?"

耶稣回答说：“以前是这么对它们说的：‘地上所有的走兽，海里所有的游鱼，空中所有的飞禽都在你的控制之中。’我真实地告诉你们，地上所有动物，只有人是神按照祂的形象造的。因此走兽是为人造的，不是人为走兽造的。因此，如果你为了保护你兄弟的生命而杀死了野兽，你没有违法。我真实地告诉你们，人胜过走兽。但是如果走兽没有攻击行为而毫无原因地杀死走兽，或出于屠宰的贪欲，或为了它的肉，或为了它的皮，或为了它的牙，他就犯下了大罪，因为他自己变成了一头野兽。他的命运将和野兽一样。”

And Jesus answered: "It was said to them of old time: "All beasts that move upon the earth, all the fish of the sea, and all the fowl of the air are given into thy power." I tell you truly, of all creatures living upon the earth, God created only man after his image. Wherefore beasts are for man, and not man for beasts. You do not, therefore, transgress the law if you kill the wild beast to save your brothers life. For I tell you truly, man is more than the beast. But he who kills the beast without a cause, though the beast attack him not, through lust for slaughter, or for its flesh, or for its hide, or yet for its tusks, evil is the deed which he does, for he is turned into a wild beast himself. Wherefore is his end also as the end of the wild beasts."

接着另一个人说：“以色列最伟大的人摩西允许我们的祖先吃干净动物的肉，只禁止吃不干净动物的肉。你为什么禁止我们吃所有动物的肉？哪个诫命来自神？摩西的，还是你的？”

Then another said: "Moses, the greatest in Israel, suffered our forefathers to eat the flesh of clean beasts, and forbade only the flesh of unclean beasts. Why, therefore, do you forbid us the flesh of all beasts? Which law comes from God? That of Moses, or your law?"

耶稣回答说：“神通过摩西颁给你们的祖先十条诫命。你们的祖先说：‘这些诫命太严格了。’他们无法遵守。摩西看到后，怜悯他的人民，使他的人民不致灭绝。于是他给了他们十的十倍条诫命。脚如锡安山一样强壮的人，不需要拐杖；但羽翼颤抖的人，更加需要拐杖，这比没有的好。摩西对神说：‘我内心充满悲哀，因为我的人民要迷失了。因为他们没有知识，不能明白祢的诫命。他们象孩子一样，不能明白父亲的话。神啊，我给他们其它律法，虽然他们会受苦，但这样他们不会毁灭。如果他们不能与祢同在，神啊，但不要让他们反对祢；他们会维持下去，时机成熟时，他们就会接受祢的话，向他们展示祢的律法。’为了这个原因，摩西摔碎了两块写着十诫的石板，另外给了他们十的十倍条诫命，代替原来的诫命。而从这十的十倍条的诫命中，文士和法利赛人又制订了十的一百倍条诫命。他们给了你无法忍受的重担，而他们自己却不承担。诫命越接近神，我们需要的就越少；它们越远离神，我们需要的就越多。这就是为什么文士和法利赛人的律法数不胜数。人子的律法有七部，天使的有三部，而神的只有一部。

And Jesus answered: "God gave, by Moses, ten commandments to your forefathers. These commandments are hard, said your forefathers, and they could not keep them. When Moses saw this, he had compassion on his people, and would not that they perish. And then he gave them ten times ten commandments. For he whose feet are strong as the mountain of Zion, needs no crutches; but he whose limbs do shake, gets further having crutches, than without them. And Moses said to the Lord: My heart is filled with sorrow, for my people will be lost. For they are without knowledge, and are not able to understand thy commandments. They are as little children who cannot yet understand their fathers words. Suffer, Lord, that I give them other laws, that they may not perish. if they may not be with thee, Lord, let them not be against thee; that they may sustain themselves, and when the time has come, and they are ripe for thy words, reveal to hem thy laws. For that did Moses break the two tablets of s tone whereon were written the ten commandments, and he gave them ten times ten in their stead. And of these ten times ten the Scribes and Pharisees have made a hundred times ten commandments. And they have laid unbearable burdens on your shoulders, that they themselves do not carry. For the more nigh are the commandments to God, the less do we need; and the farther they are from God, then the more do we need. Wherefore are the laws of the Pharisees and Scribes innumerable; the laws of the Son of Man seven; of the angels three; and of God one.

“因此，我只教导你们那些你们能够明白的律法，你们能够成为人，遵守人子的七部律法。然后，天父的未识天使会把他们的律法显示给你们，神的圣灵也许会突然降临于你们，引你们到他的律法。”

"Therefore, I teach you only those laws which you can understand, that you may become men, and follow the seven laws of the Son of Man. Then will the unknown angels of the Heavenly Father also reveal their laws to you, that Gods holy spirit may descend upon you, and lead you to his law."

所有人都为他的智慧而感到惊诧，问他：“继续，夫子，把所有我们能接受的律法都教给我们。”

And all were astonished at his wisdom, and asked him: "Continue, Master, and teach us all the laws which we can receive."

耶稣继续说：“神授诫给你们的祖先：‘你们不应杀生。’但是他们铁石心肠，还是杀生。于是，摩西希望，至少他们不应该杀人，他容忍他们屠宰动物。然而，你们祖先的心肠更加冷硬，人兽齐杀。但我确实说过：既勿杀人，亦勿杀兽，亦不要为了食物进你们的口而杀生。因为如果你们吃活的食物，你们也会加快成为同样的食物。如果你们屠杀你们的食物，死的食物也会杀死你们。因为生命来自生命，死亡总是导致死亡。因为一切杀死你们的食物的，也会杀死你们的身体。一切杀死你们身体的，也会杀死你们的灵魂。你们的身体就会变成你们的食物，你们的灵就会变成你们的意念。因此，不要吃烧死、冻死、淹死之物，因为被烧的、被冻的、腐烂的食物同样会使你们的身体被烧、被冻和腐烂。不要象愚蠢的农夫那样，用煮熟的、冷冻的和腐烂的种子在地里播种。秋天来到时，地里颗粒无收。他痛不欲生。要象另外一个农夫那样，在地里播下活的种子，地里结出活的麦穗，比他种下的种子多百倍。我真实地告诉你们，只凭借生命之火而活，不要用死亡之火准备你们的食物，它会杀死你们的食物，你们的身体和你们的灵魂。”

And Jesus continued: "God commanded your forefathers: Thou shalt not kill. But their heart was hardened and they killed. Then Moses desired that at least they should not kill men, and he suffered them to kill beasts. And then the heart of your forefathers was hardened yet more, and they killed men and beasts likewise. But I do say to you: Kill neither men, nor beasts, nor yet the food which goes into your mouth. For if you eat living food, the same will quicken you, but if you kill your food, the dead food will kill you also. For life comes only from life, and from death comes always death. For everything which kills your foods, kills your bodies also. And everything which kills your bodies kills your souls also. And your bodies become what your foods are, even as your spirits, likewise, become what your thoughts are. Therefore, eat not anything which fire, or frost, or water has destroyed. For burned, frozen and rotted foods will burn, freeze and rot your body also. Be not like the foolish husbandman who sowed in his ground cooked, and frozen, and rotten seeds. And the autumn came, and his fields bore nothing. And great was his distress. But be like that husbandman who sowed in his field living seed, and whose field bore living ears of wheat, paying a hundredfold for the seeds which he planted. For I tell you truly, live only by the fire of life, and prepare not your foods with the fire of death, which kills your foods, your bodies and your souls also."

“夫子，生命之火在哪儿？”有人问。

"Master, where is the fire of life?" asked some of them.

“在你们的里面，在你们的血里，在你们的身体里。”

"In you, in your blood, and in your bodies."

“死亡之火呢？”另外的人问。

"And the fire of death?" asked others.

“ 是在你们体外燃烧的火，比你们的血还要热。你们用那死亡之火在家中、在地里烧饭。我真实地告诉你们，它与毁灭你们食物和身体的火是同一种火，甚至象毁坏你们思想的怨恨之火一样，毁坏你们的灵。因为你们的身体正是你们所吃的，你们的灵正是你们所意念的。因此，不要吃比生命之火还要强的火所杀死的食物。因此，预备和食用所有树上的果，所有地里的草，所有动物的奶，这些都适合食用。因为所有这些都是由生命之火所养育和成熟的。所有都是我们地母的天使们的礼物。凡是死亡之火所烧出味道的都不要食用，因为那是撒旦所为。”

"It is the fire which blazes outside your body, which is hotter than your blood. With that fire of death you cook your foods in your homes and in your fields. I tell you truly, it is the same fire which destroys your foods and your bodies, even as the fire of malice, which ravages your thoughts, ravages your spirits. For your body is that which you eat, and your spirit is that which you think. Eat nothing, therefore, which a stronger fire than the fire of life has killed. Wherefore, prepare and eat all fruits of trees, and all grasses of the fields, and afl milk of beasts good for eating. For all these are fed and ripened by the fire of life; all are the gift of the angels of our Earthly Mother. But eat nothing to which only the fire of death gives savor, for such is of Satan."

“因此始终吃来自神的桌子上的食物：树的果实，田地里的谷物和草，动物的奶，以及蜂蜜。一切这些之外的都来自撒旦，引至罪恶之路，直到生病、死亡。但你们从神的丰盛的桌子上吃的食物给予你们的身体以力量和年轻，你们永不会得病，因为玛土撒拉因食用了神的桌子上的食物而长寿。我真实地告诉你们，如果你们如他一般生活，生命之神就会让你们象他那般长寿。

"So eat always from the table of God: the fruits of the trees, the grain and grasses of the field, the milk of beasts, and the honey of bees. For everything beyond these is of Satan, and leads by the way of sins and of diseases unto death. But the foods which you eat from the abundant table of God give strength and youth to your body, and you will never see diseases For the table of God fed Methuselah of old, and I tell you truly, if you live even as he lived, then will the God of the living give you also long life upon the earth as was his.

“我真实地告诉你们，生命之神比大地上任何富人都要富，他桌子上的食物比大地上所有富人餐桌上最丰富的食物还要丰富。因此，你们一生都应该在我们的地母的桌上吃饭，你们永不会缺少食物。当你们在她的桌上吃饭时，吃光全部，就象在地母桌子上发现的一样。不要煮，也不要把所有的东西混在一起，免得你们的肠胃成为冒气的沼泽。我真实地告诉你们，神讨厌看到这个。

"For I tell you truly, the God of the living is richer than all the rich of the earth, and his abundant table is richer than the richest table of feasting of all the rich upon the earth. Eat, therefore, all your life at the table of our Earthly Mother, and you will never see want. And when you eat at her table, eat all things even as they are found on the table of the Earthly Mother. Cook not, neither mix all things one with another, lest your bowels become as steaming bogs. For I tell you truly, this is abominable in the eyes of the Lord.

“因此，小心不要让所有的讨厌之物污染了你们身体的庙宇。两三种食物足矣，你们可以经常在我们的地母桌上发现。不要想着把你周边的东西都狼吞虎咽掉。我真实地告诉你们，如果你把所有的食物都混着吃进肚子里，你们身体中的平静就会停止，无止境的战争就会在你的身体里开仗。如同分裂的家庭和王国攻击自己，毁灭自己。因为你们的神是和平之神，从不帮助分裂。不要违背自己而惹神愤怒，免得他把你们从他桌旁赶走，免得你们被迫去撒旦的桌子旁，那里罪恶之火，疾病之火和死亡之火将使你们的身体堕落。”

"Take heed, therefore, and defile not with all kinds of abominations the temple of your bodies. Be content with two or three sorts of food, which you will find always upon the table of our Earthly Mother. And desire not to devour all things which you see around you. For I tell you truly, if you mix together all sorts of food in your body, then the peace of your body will cease, and endless war will rage in you. And it will be blotted out even as homes and kingdoms divided against themselves work their own destruction. For your God is the God of peace, and does never help division. Arouse not, therefore, against you the wrath of God, lest he drive you from his table, and lest you be compelled to go to the table of Satan, where the fire of sins, diseases, and death will corrupt your body.

（中文翻译：晨鹤）

英文全文: http://www.thenazareneway.com/essene_gospel_of_peace_book1.htm