明法尊者:《法句经》注 5、愚人品
明法尊者:《法句经》注 5、愚人品
60 Digha jagarato ratti, digham santassa yojanam;
digho balanam samsaro, saddhammam avijanatam.
[Digha长(阴单主格, a.)] [jagarato清醒(阳单属格, ppr.)] [ratti夜间(阴单主格)],
[digham长(中单主格, a.)] [santassa疲劳(阳单属格, pp.)] [yojanam由旬(中单主格)];
[digho长(阳单主格, a.)] [balanam无知者(阳複属格)] [samsaro轮迴(阳单主格)],
[saddhammam真善法(阳单业格)] [avijanatam未扩大知(阳複属格, ppr.)].
60 不眠者夜长,倦者由旬 长,不明达正法──愚者轮迴长。
61 Carabce nadhigaccheyya, seyyam sadisam attano;
ekacariyam dalham kayira, natthi bale sahayata.
[Carab行(阳单主格, ppr.)] [ce若] [n不][adhigaccheyya获得(单3opt.)],
[seyyam比较好(阳单业格, a.)] [sadisam相等(阳单业格, a.)] [attano自我(阳单与格)],
[ekacariyam单独行(阴单业格)] [dalham坚强(阴单业格, a.)] [kayira作(单3opt.)];
[natthi不存在(单3现)] [bale无知者(阳单处格)] [sahayata同伴的状态(阴单主格)].
61 不得胜我者为友,与我相等者亦无,宁可坚决独行居,不与愚人作伴侣。
62 “Putta m’ atthi dhanam m’ atthi,” iti balo vihabbati;
atta hi attano natthi kuto putta kuto dhanam.
“[Putta子(阳複主格)] [m’我(单属格, =me)] [atthi是(单3现)] [dhanam财(中单主格)] m’ atthi,”
[iti这样(结尾语)] [balo无知者(阳单主格)] [vihabbati被扩大损坏(单3现)];
[atta自我(阳单主格)] [hi确实] [attano自我(阳单属格)] [natthi不是(单3现)]
[kuto从何处?] putta kuto dhanam.
62「此我子我财」,愚人常为忧。我且无有我,何有子与财?
63 Yo balo mabbati balyam, pandito vapi tena so;
balo ca panditamani, sa ve “balo” ti vuccati.
[Yo凡是(阳单主格, rp.)] [balo无知者(阳单主格)] [mabbati思量(单3现)] [balyam无知(中单业格)],
[pandito贤智者(阳单主格)] [vapi或甚至] [tena它(中单具格)] [so他(阳单主格)];
balo [ca但是] [pandita贤智者][mani傲慢(阳单主格, a.)],
[sa他(阳单主格)] [ve确实] “balo” [ti这样(结尾语)] [vuccati被叫做(单3现)].
63 愚者自知愚,彼即是智人。愚人自谓智,实称真愚夫。
64 Yavajivam pi ce balo, panditam payirupasati,
na so dhammam vijanati, dabbi suparasam yatha.
[Yavajivam终生(adv.)] [pi即使] [ce若] [balo无知者(阳单主格)],
[panditam贤智者(阳单业格)] [payirupasati亲近(单3现)],
[na不] [so他(阳单主格)] [dhammam法(阳单业格)] [vijanati扩大知(单3现)];
[dabbi匙(ㄔˊ)(阴单主格)] [suparasam汤的味(单业格)] [yatha像(adv.)].
64 愚者虽终身,亲近于智人,彼不了达摩 ,如匙尝汤味。
65 Muhuttam api ce vibbu, panditam payirupasati,
Khippam dhammam vijanati, jivha suparasam yatha. (cp. Dh64)
[Muhuttam在须臾间(adv.)] [api即使] [ce若] [vibbu智者(阳单主格)],
[panditam贤智者(阳单业格)] [payirupasati亲近(单3现)],
[khippam迅速(adv.)] [dhammam法(阳单业格)] [vijanati扩大知(单3现)];
[jivha舌(阴单主格)] [suparasam汤的味(单业格)] [yatha像(adv.)].
65 慧者须臾顷,亲近于智人,能速解达摩,如舌尝汤味。
66 Caranti bala dummedha, amitten’eva attana;
karonta papakam kammam, yam hoti katukapphalam. (cf. S.2.22./i.57.)杂1276,别杂274
[Caranti行(複3现)] [bala无知(阳複主格, a.)] [dummedha恶智(阳複主格, a.)],
[amitten’非友(阳单具格)][eva如此] [attana自我(阳单具格)],
[karonta作(阳複主格, ppr.)] [papakam恶(中单业格, a.)] [kammam业(中单业格)];
[yam那个(中单主格, rp.)] [hoti变成(单3现)] [katuka辛辣(a.)]p [phalam果(中单主格)].
66 愚人不觉知,与自仇敌行,造作诸恶业,受定众苦果。
67 Na tam kammam katam sadhu, yam katva anutappati;
yassa assumukho rodam vipakam patisevati. (cf. S.2.22./I,57.)杂1276,别杂274
[Na不] [tam那个(中单主格)] [kammam业(中单主格)] [katam作(中单主格, pp.)] [sadhu妥善(adv.)],
[yam那个(中单业格, rp.)] [katva作(ger.)] [anutappati后悔(单3现)];
[yassa那个(中单与格, rp.)] [assumukho泪满面(阳单主格, a.)] [rodam号哭(阳单主格, ppr.)]
[vipakam报应(阳单业格)] [patisevati亲历(单3现)].
67 彼作不善业,作已生后悔,哭泣泪满面,应得受异熟 。
68 Tan ca kammam katam sadhu, yam katva nanutappati;
yassa patito sumano, vipakam patisevati. (cp.Dh67) (cf. S.2.22./I,57.)杂1276,别杂274
68 若彼作善业,作已不追悔,欢喜而愉悦,应得受异熟。
[Tab那个(中单主格)] [ca但是] [kammam业(中单主格)] [katam作(中单主格, pp.)] [sadhu妥善(adv.)],
[yam那个(中单业格, rp.)] [katva作(ger.)] [n不][anutappati后悔(单3现)];
[yassa那个(中单与格, rp.)] [patito心满意足(阳单主格, pp.)] [sumano善意(阳单主格, a.)],
[vipakam报应(阳单业格)] [patisevati亲历(单3现)].
69 Madhuva mabbati balo, yava papam na paccati;
yada ca paccati papam, atha balo dukkham nigacchati.
[Madhuva有蜜(阳单主格, a.)] [mabbati思量(单3现)] [balo无知者(阳单主格)],
[yava直到...为止] [papam恶(中单主格)] [na不] [paccati成熟(单3现)];
[yada当...时] [ca但是] paccati papam,
[atha然后] balo [dukkham苦(中单业格)] [nigacchati陷入(单3现)].
69 恶业未成熟,愚人思如蜜;恶业成熟时,愚人必受苦。
70 Mase mase kusaggena, balo bhubjeyya bhojanam;
na so savkhatadhammanam, kalam agghati solasim.
[Mase月(阳複业格>adv.)] mase [kus草叶][aggena顶尖(中单具格)],
[balo无知者(阳单主格)] [bhubjeyya受用(单3opt.)] [bhojanam食物(中单业格)];
[na不] [so他(阳单主格)] [savkhatadhammanam已显露法者(阳複属格)],
[kalam小部分(阴单业格)] [agghati值得(单3现)] [solasim第十六(阴单业格)].
70 愚者月复月,虽仅取少食──以孤沙草 端;
彼所得功德,不及思法者,十六分之一。
71 Na hi papam katam kammam, sajju khiramva muccati;
dahantam balam anveti, bhasmacchanno va pavako.
[Na不] [hi确实] [papam恶(中单主格, a.)] [katam作(中单主格, pp.)] [kammam业(中单主格)],
[sajju立即(adv.)] [khiram乳(中单主格)][va如] [muccati被释放(单3现)];
[dahantam烧(阳单业格, ppr.)] [balam无知者(阳单业格)] [anveti随...去(单3现)],
[bhasma灰]c[channo覆盖(阳单主格, pp.)] va [pavako火(阳单主格)].
71 犹如搆牛乳,醍醐非速成。愚人造恶业,不即感恶果,业力随其后,如死灰覆火。
72 Yavad eva anatthaya, battam balassa jayati;
hanti balassa sukkamsam, muddham assa vipatayam.
[Yavad eva如此直到(adv.)] [anatthaya无义利(阳单与格)],
[battam知的状态(中单主格)] [balassa无知者(阳单属格)] [jayati被生(单3现)];
[hanti击杀(单3现)] balassa [sukkamsam幸运(单业格)],
[muddham头(阳单业格)] [assa他(阳单属格)] [vipatayam裂(阳单主格, ppr.)].
72 愚夫求知识,反而趋灭亡,损害其幸福,破碎其头首 。
73~74
73 Asantam bhavanam iccheyya, purekkharabca bhikkhusu.
Avasesu ca issariyam, puja parakulesu ca.
[Asantam无真善(阴单业格, a.)] [bhavanam修习(阴单业格)] [iccheyya欲求(单3opt.)],
[purekkharab作前头(阳单业格)] [ca并且] [bhikkhusu比丘(阳複处格)].
[Avasesu住所(阳複处格)] ca [issariyam统治权(中单业格)],
[puja礼敬(阴複业格)] [parakulesu其他良家(複处格)] ca.
73 愚人骛虚名:僧中作上座,僧院为院主,他人求供养。
74 “Mam’eva kata mabbantu, gihi pabbajita ubho;
Mam’ev’ativasa assu, kiccakiccesu kismici.”
Iti balassa savkappo, iccha mano ca vaddhati.
“[Mam’我(单业格)][eva如此] [kata作(pp.)] [mabbantu思量(複3.imp.)],
[gihi有家者(阳複主格)] [pabbajita已出家者(阳複主格)] [ubho两者(主格, a.)];
[Mam’我(单属格, mama)][ev’如此][ativasa过度支配(阳複主格, a.)] [assu存在(複3.opt.)],
[kicc作(grd.)][akiccesu不作(中複处格, grd.)] [kismibci任何者(中单处格)]”
[iti这样(结尾语)], [balassa无知者(阳单属格)] [savkappo思惟(阳单主格)],
[iccha欲求(阴单主格)] [mano傲慢(阳单主格)] [ca及] [vaddhati增长(单3现)].
74「僧与俗共知──此事由我作,事无论大小,
皆由我作主」,愚人作此想,贪与慢增长。
75 Abba hi labhupanisa, abba nibbanagamini;
evam etam abhibbaya, bhikkhu Buddhassa savako.
Sakkaram nabhinandeyya, vivekam anubruhaye.
[Abba另一(阴单主格, a.)] [hi确实] [labh得][upanisa缘由(阴单主格)],
abba [nibbana涅槃][gamini去到(阴单主格)];
[evam如是] [etam这(三单业格)] [abhibbaya全面知(ger.)],
[bhikkhu比丘(阳单主格)] [Buddhassa已觉者(阳单属格)] [savako弟子(阳单主格)].
[Sakkaram恭敬(阳单业格)] [n不][abhinandeyya全面欢喜(单3opt.)],
[vivekam远离(阳单业格)] [anubruhaye使...随增益(单3opt.)].
75 一道引世利,一道向涅槃 。佛弟子比丘,当如是了知,莫贪着世利,专注于远离 。
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